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Browse publications by outcome

Click +++ to expand or --- to collapse each level in this classification. Classes with "n.e.c." are "not elsewhere classified". Click here to download a CSV file with the number of publications per outcome.

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• +++ All outcomes
• +++ 10. Crops
• +++ 10.10. Crop yield
• +++ 10.10.10. Crop yield
• --- Crop yield (including harvest index)
• --- Crop biomass (including inedible components; e.g., the stems of some crops)
• --- Crop propagules (including cuttings and seeds not used for food, feed, fuel, etc.)
• --- 10.10.NEC. Crop yield, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.20. Crop quality (including cash crops and cover crops)
• --- 10.20.10. Crop appearance (including the size and shape of the edible parts)
• --- 10.20.20. Crop cooking quality
• --- 10.20.30. Crop storage quality
• --- 10.20.40. Crop taste (including acidity, texture, etc.)
• +++ 10.20.50. Chemical composition of crops
• --- Dry matter content (i.e. proportion or percentage; also see "Crop yield" for dry matter yield)
• --- Calories
• --- Fibre content
• --- Carbon (not including soil organic carbon)
• +++ Macronutrients (for plants)
• --- Nitrogen (N) in plants (including biological nitrogen fixation)
• --- Phosphorus (P) in plants
• --- Potassium (K) in plants
• --- Vitamins and provitamins (e.g., vitamin A or beta-carotene)
• --- Micronutrients and other elements (e.g., calcium [Ca] and magnesium [Mg])
• +++ Toxins
• --- Agrochemicals in crops (e.g., pesticide residues)
• --- Heavy metals in crops (e.g., lead [Pb] or mercury [Hg])
• --- Toxins in crops, n.e.c. (e.g., cyanide)
• +++ Macronutrients (for people)
• --- Fat
• --- Protein
• --- Starch
• --- Sugar
• --- Ash content
• --- 10.20.NEC. Crop quality, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.30. Crop damage, infection, and infestation (also see "pathogens, pests, and weeds")
• --- 10.30.10. Crop damage or infection by pathogens (e.g., disease severity)
• --- 10.30.20. Crop damage or infestation by pests
• --- 10.30.NEC. Crop damage, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.40. Crop growth and survival
• +++ 10.40.10. Crop growth
• --- Plant growth rate (e.g., photosynthetic rate or radiation use efficiency [RUE])
• --- Plant size (e.g., canopy cover, ground cover, leaf area index [LAI], or height)
• --- 10.40.20. Crop survival (e.g., germination rate)
• --- 10.40.NEC. Crop growth and survival, n.e.c.
• +++ 20. Soil
• +++ 20.10. Soil structure and function
• +++ 20.10.10. Soil aggregation and erosion
• --- Soil aggregation
• --- Soil erosion (including soil loss through harvesting)
• +++ 20.10.20. Soil compaction, porosity, and water content
• +++ Soil compaction
• --- Soil porosity/infiltration rates (including hydraulic conductivity)
• --- Soil bulk density
• --- Soil water content
• +++ 20.10.30. Soil chemistry
• +++ Soil carbon (C) and soil organic matter (SOM)
• --- Soil total carbon
• --- Soil organic matter (SOM)
• --- Soil organic carbon (SOC)
• --- Soil salinity (including sodium [Na])
• --- Soil micronutrients and secondary nutrients (e.g., calcium [Ca] and magnesium [Mg])
• --- Soil nutrient leaching (including nitrate leaching [NO3-])
• --- Soil mineralization (decomposition from organic to inorganic forms)
• --- Electrical conductivity (EC)
• --- Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
• --- Soil pH
• +++ Soil macronutrients
• --- Nitrogen (N, including ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3-] in soils)
• --- Phosphorus (P) in soils
• --- Potassium (K) in soils
• --- 20.10.40. Soil respiration (also see "pollutants (including greenhouse gases)")
• --- 20.10.50. Soil temperature
• --- 20.10.60. Soil texture (i.e. sand, silt, and clay content)
• --- 20.10.NEC. Soil structure and function, n.e.c.
• +++ 20.20. Soil organisms (also see "biodiversity" and "pathogens, pest, and weeds")
• +++ 20.20.10. Soil microbes (not including pathogens), n.e.c.
• --- Fungi (including mycorrhizae)
• --- Bacteria (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria)
• --- Soil enzymes
• --- Soil microbial biomass
• --- 20.20.20. Earthworms
• --- 20.20.30. Nematodes (not including pests)
• --- 20.20.NEC. Soil organisms, n.e.c.
• +++ 30. Water
• +++ 30.10. Water quantity (use/loss)
• --- 30.10.10. Irrigation
• --- 30.10.20. Evapotranspiration (including water use efficiency [WUE])
• --- 30.10.30. Runoff
• --- 30.10.NEC. Water quantity (use/loss), n.e.c.
• +++ 30.20. Water quality
• --- 30.20.30. Nutrients in water
• --- 30.20.40. Sediments in water
• --- 30.20.NEC. Water quality, n.e.c.
• +++ 40. Pathogens, pests, weeds, and invasive species
• +++ 40.10. Animals (pests and invasive species)
• +++ 40.10.10. Pests (invertebrates)
• --- Parasitization of invertebrate pests (see "Wildlife" for parasitoid abundance)
• --- Predation of invertebrate pests
• --- Invertebrate pest abundance (not measured in the crop; see "Crop damage" for infestation rate)
• --- Invertebrate pest diversity
• +++ 40.20. Plants (weeds and invasive species)
• --- 40.20.10. Plant abundance (weeds and invasive species)
• --- 40.20.20. Plant diversity (weeds and invasive species)
• --- 40.20.NEC. Plants (weeds and invasive species), n.e.c.
• +++ 40.30. Pathogens
• --- 40.30.10. Pathogens (bacteria)
• --- 40.30.20. Pathogens (fungi)
• +++ 50. Pollutants (including greenhouse gases)
• +++ 50.20. Greenhouse gases
• --- 50.20.10. Carbon dioxide
• --- 50.20.30. Nitrous oxide
• +++ 50.30. Soil pollution
• --- 50.30.20. Heavy metals in soils
• +++ 60. Chemicals and energy
• +++ 60.10. Agrochemicals
• --- 60.10.10. Biocides (e.g., herbicides/pesticides)
• --- 60.10.20. Fertilizers and other soil amendments (e.g., nitrogen use efficiency [NUE])
• +++ 60.20. Energy
• --- 60.20.10. Electricity
• --- 60.20.20. Fuel (e.g., tractor fuel)
• --- 60.20.NEC. Energy, n.e.c.
• +++ 70. Money, labor, and time
• +++ 70.10. Money
• --- 70.10.NEC. Money, n.e.c.
• +++ 70.20. Labor
• --- 70.20.20. Human labor
• --- 70.20.NEC. Labor, n.e.c.
• +++ 70.30. Time (not including labor measured in person-hours, etc.)
• --- 70.30.NEC. Time, n.e.c.
• +++ 80. Land
• +++ 80.10. Agricultural land
• --- 80.10.10. Land equivalency ratio (LER)
• --- 80.10.20. Area-time equivalency ratio (ATER)
• --- 80.10.NEC. Agricultural land, n.e.c.
• +++ 90. Wildlife (including pollinators and natural enemies)
• +++ 90.10. Animals (not including livestock or pests)
• +++ 90.10.30. Invertebrates (including insects and other arthropods)
• +++ Invertebrate abundance
• --- Abundance of invertebrates as natural enemies of crop pests
• +++ Invertebrate diversity
• --- Diversity of invertebrates as natural enemies of crop pests
• +++ 90.20. Plants (not including crops or weeds)
• +++ 90.20.10. Grasses
• --- Grass abundance
• +++ 90.20.20. Forbs
• --- Forb abundance
• --- Forb diversity
• +++ 90.20.30. Shrubs
• --- Shrub abundance
• --- Shrub diversity
• +++ 90.20.40. Trees
• --- Tree abundance
• --- Tree diversity
• --- 90.20.NEC. Plants, n.e.c.

Crops

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