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Publications for this outcome

8 publications

Selected outcome: Money, n.e.c.

Selected intervention: Chemical control of invertebrate pests (vs no chemical control)

Map of publications for this outcome

Please note that not all publications provide the locations of study sites.

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Click +++ to expand or --- to collapse each level in this classification. Classes with "n.e.c." are "not elsewhere classified".

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• +++ All interventions
• +++ 10. Crop management
• +++ 10.10. Selecting and preparing the planting material
• +++ 10.10.10. Selecting the planting material
• +++ 10.10.10.TT. Selecting a different type of planting material
• --- 10.10.10.TT.20. Planting a different variety/cultivar (e.g., a disease-resistant variety)
• +++ 10.10.10.TT.30. Planting materials of a different quality (e.g., longer vs shorter cuttings, or older vs younger stored seeds)
• --- Planting materials from a different source (e.g., a different farm or different part of the mother plant)
• --- Planting materials that are disease-free
• --- 10.10.10.TT.40. Planting seeds vs cuttings (i.e. sexual vs asexual propagules)
• +++ 10.10.20. Preparing the planting material
• +++ 10.10.20.TC. Preparing the planting material (vs control)
• --- 10.10.20.TC.20. Grafting
• +++ 10.10.20.TC.30. Inoculating with microorganisms before planting (e.g., biofertilizers or biological control agents)
• --- Inoculating with bacteria (including rhizobacteria) before planting
• --- Inoculating with fungi (including mycorrhizae) before planting
• --- 10.10.20.TC.40. Treating with heat or cold before planting (e.g., storing planting materials at different temperatures)
• +++ 10.10.20.TC.60. Treating with chemicals or water before planting
• --- Treating with nutrients before planting (e.g., nitrogen)
• --- Treating with water before planting (e.g., soaking seeds or cuttings)
• --- Treating with fungicide before planting
• --- Treating with pesticide before planting
• --- 10.10.20.TC.NEC. Preparing the planting material (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 10.10.20.TT. Preparing the planting material using a different method/tool
• --- 10.10.20.TT.NEC. Preparing the planting material using a different method/tool, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.20. Planting crops (including intercropping/polyculture/agroforestry)
• +++ 10.20.10. Planting crops (e.g., planting at a different time or in a different place)
• +++ 10.20.10.TT. Planting crops using a different method/tool
• +++ 10.20.10.TT.10. Planting in a different location/environment
• --- Planting in a different agro-climatic context (e.g., climate type or soil type)
• --- Planting in a different local context (e.g., a larger field vs a smaller field, or sloping land vs flat)
• --- 10.20.10.TT.20. Planting at a different time (i.e. earlier vs later, but not year vs year)
• --- 10.20.10.TT.40. Planting at a different density or spacing (including planting in rows vs broadcasting or planting rows in different orientations)
• +++ 10.20.20. Intercropping/polyculture (e.g., agroforestry or companion planting)
• +++ 10.20.20.TC. Intercropping/polyculture (vs control; i.e. polyculture vs monoculture)
• --- 10.20.20.TC.10. Intercropping/polyculture with non-woody plants (including ground cover during the growing season; e.g., push-pull with companion plants)
• --- 10.20.20.TC.20. Intercropping/polyculture with woody plants (agroforestry, including alley cropping and shade cropping)
• +++ 10.20.20.TT. Intercropping/polyculture using a different method/tool/species
• --- 10.20.20.TT.NEC. Intercropping/polyculture using a different method/tool/species, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.30. Managing crop growth (also see "pathogen, pest, and weed management" and "fertilizing and irrigating")
• +++ 10.30.10. Thinning/pruning crops
• +++ 10.30.10.TC. Thinning/pruning crops (vs control)
• --- 10.30.10.TC.NEC. Thinning/pruning crops (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 10.30.10.TT. Thinning/pruning crops using a different method/tool
• --- 10.30.10.TT.NEC. Thinning/pruning crops using a different method/tool, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.30.40. Regulating crop growth with chemicals (e.g., hormones; also see "fertilizing and irrigating")
• +++ 10.30.40.TC. Regulating crop growth with chemicals (vs control)
• --- 10.30.40.TC.NEC. Regulating crop growth with chemicals (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 10.30.40.TT. Regulating crop growth using a different method/tool/chemical
• --- 10.30.40.TT.NEC. Regulating crop growth using a different method/tool/chemical, n.e.c.
• +++ 10.40. Harvesting crops
• +++ 10.40.10. Harvesting crops (e.g., harvesting at a different time)
• +++ 10.40.10.TT. Harvesting crops using a different method/tool
• --- 10.40.10.TT.10. Harvesting crops at a different time
• +++ 10.50. Managing crop rotations, cover crops, crop residues, and fallows
• +++ 10.50.20. Using crop rotations (including cover crops in the non-growing season; also see "intercropping/polyculture")
• +++ 10.50.20.TC. Using crop rotations (vs control)
• --- 10.50.20.TC.10. Rotating cash/food crops with different cash/food crops
• --- 10.50.20.TC.30. Rotating cash/food crops with fallows or temporary grasslands/pastures (not including cover crops)
• +++ 10.50.20.TT. Using a different method/tool/species for crop rotations
• --- 10.50.20.TT.10. Using a different species for crop rotations (e.g., different species in planted fallows)
• --- 10.50.20.TT.20. Using a different timing for crop rotations (e.g., growing the main crop every two years vs every four years)
• +++ 20. Soil, water, and land management
• +++ 20.10. Preparing land for planting
• +++ 20.10.20. Landscaping (e.g., making terraces or digging drainage ditches)
• +++ 20.10.20.TC. Landscaping (vs control)
• --- 20.10.20.TC.NEC. Landscaping (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 20.10.30. Plowing
• +++ 20.10.30.TC. Plowing (vs control; i.e. vs no tillage)
• --- 20.10.30.TC.NEC. Plowing (vs control; i.e. vs no tillage), n.e.c.
• +++ 20.10.30.TT. Plowing using a different method/tool
• --- 20.10.30.TT.10. Plowing in a different direction (e.g., contour plowing on slopes)
• +++ 20.10.30.TT.20. Plowing with a different intensity (e.g., depth or frequency)
• +++ Plowing less intensively (e.g., conservation tillage/minimum tillage/reduced tillage)
• --- Plowing more intensively (e.g., ripping/subsoiling to reduce compaction)
• --- 20.10.30.TT.30. Plowing using a different tool (e.g., hand tools vs machinery; but not "Plowing with a different intensity")
• +++ 20.10.40. Preparing the planting bed (e.g., making raised beds)
• +++ 20.10.40.TC. Preparing the planting bed (vs control)
• --- 20.10.40.TC.20. Making planting holes
• +++ 20.10.40.TT. Preparing the planting bed using a different method/tool
• --- 20.10.40.TT.NEC. Preparing the planting bed using a different method/tool, n.e.c.
• +++ 20.20. Fertilizing and irrigating
• +++ 20.20.10. Applying fertilizer and soil amendments
• +++ 20.20.10.TC. Applying fertilizer and soil amendments (vs control)
• --- 20.20.10.TC.100. Applying synthetic/mineral/inorganic fertilizer (including N, P, K, and other nutrients)
• +++ 20.20.10.TC.20. Applying beneficial microorganisms (biofertilizer)
• --- Inoculating the soil with bacteria (including rhizobacteria)
• --- Inoculating the soil with fungi (including mycorrhizae)
• --- 20.20.10.TC.50. Applying lime or another source of calcium
• +++ 20.20.10.TC.80. Applying mulch (also see "managing crop residues")
• --- Mulching with organic matter (e.g., straw)
• --- 20.20.10.TC.NEC. Applying fertilizer and soil amendments (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 20.20.10.TT. Applying fertilizer and soil amendments using a different method/tool/material
• --- 20.20.10.TT.10. Using a different amount of amendment/fertilizer (e.g., using the recommended rate of fertilizer)
• +++ 20.20.10.TT.20. Using a different method of applying an amendment/fertilizer
• --- Applying the fertilizer in a different place (e.g., injecting vs spreading; fertilizing planting holes; using band application)
• --- Applying the fertilizer at a different time (e.g., split application)
• +++ 20.20.10.TT.30. Using a different type of amendment/fertilizer or mixture
• --- Using a different type of organic amendment/fertilizer (e.g., liquid vs solid manure; different types of compost)
• --- Using a different type of synthetic/mineral/inorganic amendment/fertilizer (e.g., different N:P:K ratio; liquid vs solid)
• --- 20.20.10.TT.NEC. Applying fertilizer and soil amendments using a different method/tool/material, n.e.c.
• +++ 20.20.20. Irrigating
• +++ 20.20.20.TC. Irrigating (vs control; i.e. vs rainfed cropping)
• --- 20.20.20.TC.NEC. Using irrigation (vs control), n.e.c.
• +++ 20.20.20.TT. Irrigating using a different method/tool/type of irrigation water
• +++ 20.20.20.TT.20. Using a different method of irrigating (e.g., flood vs drip)
• --- Irrigating at a different time
• +++ 30. Pathogen, pest, and weed management (see other categories for cultural control, host plant resistance, and habitat management)
• +++ 30.10. Pathogen control (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses)
• +++ 30.10.10. Biological control of pathogens (introducing biocontrol agents, not including plants)
• +++ 30.10.10.TC. Biological control of pathogens (vs no biological control)
• --- 30.10.10.TC.10. Introducing biological control agents for pathogens (including biopesticides)
• +++ 30.10.10.TT. Using a different method/tool/species for biological control of pathogens
• --- 30.10.10.TT.NEC. Using a different method/tool/species for biological control of pathogens, n.e.c.
• +++ 30.10.20. Chemical control of pathogens
• +++ 30.10.20.TC. Chemical control of pathogens (vs no chemical control)
• --- 30.10.20.TC.10. Using a fungicide or mixture of fungicides
• +++ 30.20. Invertebrate pest control (e.g., insects and mites)
• +++ 30.20.20. Chemical control of invertebrate pests
• +++ 30.20.20.TC. Chemical control of invertebrate pests (vs no chemical control)
• +++ 30.20.20.TC.10. Using a pesticide or mixture of pesticides
• --- 30.20.20.TC.NEC. Chemical control of invertebrate pests (vs no chemical control), n.e.c.
• +++ 30.20.20.TT. Using a different method/tool/chemical for chemical control of invertebrate pests
• --- 30.20.20.TT.10. Using a different amount of the chemical
• --- 30.20.20.TT.20. Using a different method of applying the chemical
• --- 30.20.20.TT.30. Using a different type of chemical or mixture of chemicals
• --- 30.20.20.TT.NEC. Using a different method/tool/chemical for chemical control of invertebrate pests, n.e.c.
• +++ 30.40. Weed control
• +++ 30.40.20. Chemical control of weeds
• +++ 30.40.20.TC. Chemical control of weeds (vs no chemical control)
• --- 30.40.20.TC.10. Using a herbicide or mixture of herbicides
• +++ 30.40.20.TT. Using a different method/tool/chemical for chemical control of weeds
• --- 30.40.20.TT.10. Using a different amount of herbicide
• --- 30.40.20.TT.20. Using a different method of applying herbicide
• --- 30.40.20.TT.30. Using a different type of herbicide or mixture of herbicides
• +++ 30.40.30. Physical/mechanical control of weeds (also see "soil" for "tilling" and "mulching")
• +++ 30.40.30.TC. Physical/mechanical control of weeds (vs no physical/mechanical control)
• --- 30.40.30.TC.10. Cultivating (i.e. disturbing the surface of the soil to destroy weeds)
• --- 30.40.30.TC.30. Weeding (i.e. uprooting weeds by hand)
• --- 30.40.30.TC.NEC. Physical/mechanical control of weeds (vs no physical/mechanical control), n.e.c.
• +++ 30.40.30.TT. Using a different method/tool for physical/mechanical control of weeds
• --- 30.40.30.TT.NEC. Using a different method/tool for physical/mechanical control of weeds, n.e.c.
• --- 30.NEC. Pathogen, pest, and weed management, n.e.c.
• +++ 40. Non-crop habitat management in farmland
• +++ 40.30. Planting non-crop species (e.g., buffer strips, flower strips, and hedgerows)
• +++ 40.30.10. Planting in field margins or terrace edges (also see "intercropping/polyculture")
• +++ 40.30.10.TC. Planting in field margins or terrace edges (vs control)
• --- 40.30.10.TC.10. Planting buffer strips/contour strips (i.e. to reduce runoff/erosion)
• +++ 40.30.10.TT. Planting in field margins or terrace edges using a different method/tool/species
• --- 40.30.10.TT.NEC. Planting in field margins or terrace edges using a different method/tool/species, n.e.c.
• +++ 40.50. Retaining non-crop habitats in farmland
• +++ 40.50.20. Retaining semi-natural habitats in farmland (e.g., forest fragments or riparian areas)
• +++ 40.50.20.TC. Retaining semi-natural habitats in farmland (vs control; e.g., vs clearing land for planting)
• --- 40.50.20.TC.NEC. Retaining semi-natural habitats in farmland (vs control), n.e.c.

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